无尘车间怎样达到真正“无尘”？千级百级无尘车间有何区别

无尘车间，又称为洁净室，是控制粒子污染和温度湿度等环境条件的一种密封式洁净空间。在半导体制造、医药生产、食品加工等行业中，无尘车间发挥着至关重要的作用。那么，怎样才能达到真正的“无尘”呢？本文将详细解析无尘车间的相关知识，并探讨千级和百级无尘车间的区别。

一、如何达到真正“无尘”？

1. 空气过滤

空气过滤是无尘车间核心组成部分。根据需要达到的洁净度等级，选择合适的风机和空气过滤装置。通常，无尘车间采用初中高效三级过滤系统。初级过滤器主要用于过滤较大的灰尘颗粒，如5.0μm以上的粒子；中级过滤器可过滤1.0μm以上的粒子；高效过滤器则能有效过滤0.3μm以下的微小粒子。

2. 洁净室设计

洁净室的设计包括气流组织、室内布局、墙壁地面等。合理的气流组织可以保证洁净室内空气的均匀分布，降低污染物的浓度。一般采用乱流或层流方式进行气流组织。乱流方式气流速度较高，但适用于洁净度要求不高的场合；层流方式气流速度较低，但能有效控制粒子污染，适用于高洁净度要求的环境。

室内布局要合理，避免交叉污染。设备布置应考虑操作便利性和维护方便。墙壁地面应采用不吸附粒子、易清洁的材料，如不锈钢、瓷砖等。

3. 人员管理

严格控制进入无尘车间的人员。工作人员进入前需进行淋浴、更衣等程序，以去除身上的尘埃和微生物。同时，应定期对工作人员进行培训，提高其洁净意识。

4. 物料管理

物料进入无尘车间前需进行清洗、消毒等处理，以降低粒子污染。同时，要控制物料的存储、搬运等环节，避免产生尘埃。

5. 环境控制

无尘车间需控制温度、湿度、压差等环境参数。一般温度控制在18-22℃，湿度控制在40%-60%。压差控制可以防止外部污染物进入无尘车间。

二、千级和百级无尘车间的区别

根据我国国家标准《洁净室》(GB 50073-2013)，洁净度等级分为千级、万级、十万级等。其中，千级无尘车间是指洁净度等级在1000粒子/立方米以下的洁净室；百级无尘车间是指洁净度等级在100粒子/立方米以下的洁净室。

1. 洁净度等级

千级无尘车间的洁净度等级为1000粒子/立方米，适用于一些要求较高的场合，如半导体制造、光学仪器等。百级无尘车间的洁净度等级为100粒子/立方米，适用于要求更高的场合，如生物制药、精密电子等。

2. 过滤器配置

千级无尘车间通常采用初中高效三级过滤系统；而百级无尘车间则需采用更高级别的高效过滤器，以达到更高的洁净度要求。

3. 气流组织

千级无尘车间可采用乱流或层流方式进行气流组织；百级无尘车间则必须采用层流方式，以确保洁净室内空气的均匀分布。

4. 建设成本和维护成本

由于百级无尘车间对洁净度的要求更高，因此其建设成本和维护成本相对较高。

综上所述，要达到真正的“无尘”，需要从空气过滤、洁净室设计、人员管理、物料管理、环境控制等多方面进行严格控制。千级和百级无尘车间在洁净度等级、过滤器配置、气流组织、建设成本和维护成本等方面存在一定差异。在实际应用中，应根据具体需求选择合适的无尘车间等级。

A dust-free room, also known as a clean room, is a sealed clean space that controls environmental conditions such as particle contamination and temperature and humidity. In semiconductor manufacturing, pharmaceutical production, food processing and other industries, clean rooms play a vital role. So, how can we achieve true "dust-free"? This article will analyze the relevant knowledge of dust-free workshops in detail and discuss the differences between 1000-level and 100-level dust-free workshops.

1. How to achieve true "dust-free"?

1. Air filtration

Air filtration is a core component of a clean room. Depending on the level of cleanliness to be achieved, select the right fan and air filtration device. Usually, the dust-free workshop adopts a junior high efficiency three-stage filtration system. The primary filter is mainly used to filter large dust particles, such as particles above 5.0 μm, the intermediate filter can filter particles above 1.0 μm, and the high-efficiency filter can effectively filter fine particles below 0.3 μm.

2. Cleanroom design

The design of the clean room includes airflow organization, indoor layout, walls and floors, etc. Reasonable airflow organization can ensure the uniform distribution of air in the clean room and reduce the concentration of pollutants. Generally, turbulent or laminar flow is used for airflow organization. The turbulent flow mode has a high airflow velocity, but it is suitable for occasions with low cleanliness requirements; The laminar flow method has a low airflow velocity, but can effectively control particle pollution, and is suitable for environments with high cleanliness requirements.

The interior layout should be reasonable to avoid cross-contamination. The equipment layout should take into account the convenience of operation and maintenance. Walls and floors should be made of particle-free, easy-to-clean materials, such as stainless steel, tiles, etc.

3. Personnel management

Strictly control the personnel entering the dust-free workshop. Before entering, staff are required to shower and change clothes to remove dust and microorganisms from their bodies. At the same time, staff should be trained regularly to improve their awareness of cleanliness.

4. Material management

Before the material enters the dust-free workshop, it needs to be cleaned, disinfected and other treatments to reduce particle pollution. At the same time, it is necessary to control the storage and handling of materials to avoid dust.

5. Environmental control

The dust-free workshop needs to control environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and differential pressure. Generally, the temperature is controlled at 18-22°C, and the humidity is controlled at 40%-60%. Differential pressure control prevents external contaminants from entering the clean room.

Second, the difference between the 1000-level and 100-level dust-free workshops

According to China's national standard "Clean Room" (GB 50073-2013), the cleanliness level is divided into 10000 grades, 10,000 grades, 100,000 grades, etc. Among them, the 1,000-level dust-free workshop refers to a clean room with a cleanliness level of less than 1000 particles/cubic meter; Class 100 dust-free workshop refers to a clean room with a cleanliness level of less than 100 particles/cubic meter.

1. Cleanliness level

The cleanliness level of the 1,000-level dust-free workshop is 1000 particles/cubic meter, which is suitable for some occasions with high requirements, such as semiconductor manufacturing, optical instruments, etc. The cleanliness level of the Class 100 dust-free workshop is 100 particles/cubic meter, which is suitable for more demanding occasions, such as biopharmaceutical, precision electronics, etc.

2. Filter configuration

The 1,000-level dust-free workshop usually adopts a junior high efficiency three-stage filtration system; The 100-level dust-free workshop needs to use a higher-efficiency filter to achieve higher cleanliness requirements.

3. Airflow organization

The thousand-level dust-free workshop can be organized by turbulent flow or laminar flow; The class 100 dust-free workshop must adopt laminar flow to ensure the uniform distribution of air in the clean room.

4. Construction costs and maintenance costs

Due to the higher requirements for cleanliness of the Class 100 dust-free workshop, its construction cost and maintenance cost are relatively high.

To sum up, in order to achieve true "dust-free", it is necessary to strictly control air filtration, clean room design, personnel management, material management, environmental control and other aspects. There are certain differences between the 1000-level and 100-level dust-free workshops in terms of cleanliness level, filter configuration, airflow organization, construction cost and maintenance cost. In practical applications, the appropriate cleanroom grade should be selected according to the specific needs.